1. Simple Present Tense
Digunakan utk mnyatakan:
a. Kebiasaan sehari-hari (habitual action)
b. Kebenaran umum (general truth)
c. Sesuatu di masa depan yg berhubungan jadwal (time table)
Pattern:
(with non verb)
(+) S + tobe (is,am,are) + non verb (benda/kata sifat/ keterangan tempat)
(-) S + tobe (is,am,are) + not + non verb
(?) Tobe (is,am,are) + S + non verb ?
ex:
1. I am a doctor.
2. They are not clever
3. Is he here?
(with verb)
(+) S + V1 (s/es) + O
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O ?
ex:
1. He plays football every day.
2. Andi does not watch TV every day.
3. Do they take a bath every morning?
2. Simple Past Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau dan selesai pada waktu itu juga.
Pattern:
(with non verb)
(+) S + tobe (was,were) + non verb (benda/kata sifat/ keterangan tempat)
(-) S + tobe (was,were) + not + non verb
(?) Tobe (was,are) + S + non verb ?
ex:
1. Dika was a teacher formerly.
2. My father and my mother were not in the house last night.
3. Was he angry just now?
(with verb)
(+) S + V2 + O
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O
(?) Did + S + V1 + O ?
ex:
1. Her friend ate fried rice this morning.
2. They did not wash their motor cycle yesterday.
3. Did the farmer water his field just now?
3. Present Continous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Kejadian yang berlangsung sekarang.
2. Sesuatu di masa depan. (sudah direncanakan)
Pattern:
(with verb)
(+) S + tobe (is,am,are) + V1 + ing + O
(-) S + tobe (is,am,are) + not + V1 + ing + O
(?) Tobe (is,am,are) + S + V1 + ing + O ?
ex:
1. I am speaking english now.
2. He is going to Surabaya tomorrow. (future= direncanakan)
3. Are their friends studying now?
Note:
a. Stative verb (kata kerja yang tidak melakukan pekerjaan) tidak bisa di bentuk "continous" (have, want, need, like, feel, understand, etc)
ex:
* Saya sedang mempunyai mobil sekarang.
# I am having car now (wrong)
# I have car now (right)
b. Sesudah kalimat perintah/larangan harus "Present Continous."
ex:
# Look! The boys are plying football.
# Don't be noisy! I'am studying.
c. Tobe(is,am,are) + being + adj = (mmpunyai arti pura-pura)
ex:
1. Saya lapar= I am hungry.
2. Saya sedang lapar= I am hungry.
3. Saya pura-pura lapar= I am being hungry.
4. Past Continous Tense
Digunakan utk:
a. Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di suatu waktu tertentu dimasa lampau.
b. Menyatakan suatu kejadian yg sedang terjadi ketika ada kejadian lain yg menyela di masa lampau.
Pattern:
(with verb)
(+) S + tobe (was/were) + V1 + ing + O
(-) S + tobe (was/were) + not + V1 + ing + O
(?) Tobe (was/were) + S + V1 + ing + O ?
Note:
1. Past Continous ada keterangan waktu yg jelas (jika 1 kejadian).
2. Past Continous diikuti Simple Past Tense (jika 2 kejadian).
3. Peristiwa yg lebih dulu terjadi di bentuk Past Continous. (2 kjdian).
Ex:
1. I was teaching at seven o'clock last night. (ket. waktu jelas)
2. We were playing football when you called me last night. (ad 2 kjadian).
5. Present Perfect Continous
Digunakan utk menyatakan suatu kejadian yg telah terjadi di masa sekarang.
Pattern:
(with non verb)
(+) S + has/have + been+ non verb
(-) S + has/have + not + been + non verb
(?) Has/have + S + been + non verb ?
ex:
1. My brother has been here.
2. They have been hungry.
3. Has she been a doctor.
Note:
#biasanya keterangan waktu Present Perfect juga menggunakan "for atau since".
ex:
1. My mother has swept this floor today.
2. We have studied English for two hours.
3. Has she watered the flower this week?
6. Past Perfect Tense
Digunakan utk menyatakan suatu kejadian sebelum ada kejadian lain yang menyela di masa lampau.
Note:
1. Pasti ada "2 kejadian".
2. "Past Perfect" diikuti "Simple Past Tense".
3. Kejadian yg lebih dahult terjadi dibentuk "Past Perfect Tense".
Pattern:
(with non verb)
(+) S + hasd + been+ non verb
(-) S + had + not + been + non verb
(?) Had + S + been + non verb ?
ex:
1. I had been sleepy before you called me last night.
2. The teacher had not been there when the student came just now.
3. Has Ali been a soldier when Ani met him last year?
(with verb)
(+) S + has/have + V3 + O
(-) S + has/have + not + V3 + O
(?) Has/have + S + V3 + O
ex:
1. The bird had flown away before you were here.
2. My father had not played chess with his friend when I went home yesterday.
3. What had you done the boy when I saw you yesterday night.
7. Future Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yg akan terjadi di masa yg akan datang.
Pattern:
(+) S + will/shall + V1 + O
(-) S + will/shall + not + V1 + O
(?) Will/shall + S + V1 + O
Note:
# shall untuk I dan We
# will untk semua subjek
ex:
1. I shall go to Surabaya tomorrow.
2. They will not
buy your house.
3. Will you come to my party next week.
Digunakan utk mnyatakan:
a. Kebiasaan sehari-hari (habitual action)
b. Kebenaran umum (general truth)
c. Sesuatu di masa depan yg berhubungan jadwal (time table)
Pattern:
(with non verb)
(+) S + tobe (is,am,are) + non verb (benda/kata sifat/ keterangan tempat)
(-) S + tobe (is,am,are) + not + non verb
(?) Tobe (is,am,are) + S + non verb ?
ex:
1. I am a doctor.
2. They are not clever
3. Is he here?
(with verb)
(+) S + V1 (s/es) + O
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O ?
ex:
1. He plays football every day.
2. Andi does not watch TV every day.
3. Do they take a bath every morning?
2. Simple Past Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau dan selesai pada waktu itu juga.
Pattern:
(with non verb)
(+) S + tobe (was,were) + non verb (benda/kata sifat/ keterangan tempat)
(-) S + tobe (was,were) + not + non verb
(?) Tobe (was,are) + S + non verb ?
ex:
1. Dika was a teacher formerly.
2. My father and my mother were not in the house last night.
3. Was he angry just now?
(with verb)
(+) S + V2 + O
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O
(?) Did + S + V1 + O ?
ex:
1. Her friend ate fried rice this morning.
2. They did not wash their motor cycle yesterday.
3. Did the farmer water his field just now?
3. Present Continous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan:
1. Kejadian yang berlangsung sekarang.
2. Sesuatu di masa depan. (sudah direncanakan)
Pattern:
(with verb)
(+) S + tobe (is,am,are) + V1 + ing + O
(-) S + tobe (is,am,are) + not + V1 + ing + O
(?) Tobe (is,am,are) + S + V1 + ing + O ?
ex:
1. I am speaking english now.
2. He is going to Surabaya tomorrow. (future= direncanakan)
3. Are their friends studying now?
Note:
a. Stative verb (kata kerja yang tidak melakukan pekerjaan) tidak bisa di bentuk "continous" (have, want, need, like, feel, understand, etc)
ex:
* Saya sedang mempunyai mobil sekarang.
# I am having car now (wrong)
# I have car now (right)
b. Sesudah kalimat perintah/larangan harus "Present Continous."
ex:
# Look! The boys are plying football.
# Don't be noisy! I'am studying.
c. Tobe(is,am,are) + being + adj = (mmpunyai arti pura-pura)
ex:
1. Saya lapar= I am hungry.
2. Saya sedang lapar= I am hungry.
3. Saya pura-pura lapar= I am being hungry.
4. Past Continous Tense
Digunakan utk:
a. Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di suatu waktu tertentu dimasa lampau.
b. Menyatakan suatu kejadian yg sedang terjadi ketika ada kejadian lain yg menyela di masa lampau.
Pattern:
(with verb)
(+) S + tobe (was/were) + V1 + ing + O
(-) S + tobe (was/were) + not + V1 + ing + O
(?) Tobe (was/were) + S + V1 + ing + O ?
Note:
1. Past Continous ada keterangan waktu yg jelas (jika 1 kejadian).
2. Past Continous diikuti Simple Past Tense (jika 2 kejadian).
3. Peristiwa yg lebih dulu terjadi di bentuk Past Continous. (2 kjdian).
Ex:
1. I was teaching at seven o'clock last night. (ket. waktu jelas)
2. We were playing football when you called me last night. (ad 2 kjadian).
5. Present Perfect Continous
Digunakan utk menyatakan suatu kejadian yg telah terjadi di masa sekarang.
Pattern:
(with non verb)
(+) S + has/have + been+ non verb
(-) S + has/have + not + been + non verb
(?) Has/have + S + been + non verb ?
ex:
1. My brother has been here.
2. They have been hungry.
3. Has she been a doctor.
Note:
#biasanya keterangan waktu Present Perfect juga menggunakan "for atau since".
ex:
1. My mother has swept this floor today.
2. We have studied English for two hours.
3. Has she watered the flower this week?
6. Past Perfect Tense
Digunakan utk menyatakan suatu kejadian sebelum ada kejadian lain yang menyela di masa lampau.
Note:
1. Pasti ada "2 kejadian".
2. "Past Perfect" diikuti "Simple Past Tense".
3. Kejadian yg lebih dahult terjadi dibentuk "Past Perfect Tense".
Pattern:
(with non verb)
(+) S + hasd + been+ non verb
(-) S + had + not + been + non verb
(?) Had + S + been + non verb ?
ex:
1. I had been sleepy before you called me last night.
2. The teacher had not been there when the student came just now.
3. Has Ali been a soldier when Ani met him last year?
(with verb)
(+) S + has/have + V3 + O
(-) S + has/have + not + V3 + O
(?) Has/have + S + V3 + O
ex:
1. The bird had flown away before you were here.
2. My father had not played chess with his friend when I went home yesterday.
3. What had you done the boy when I saw you yesterday night.
7. Future Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yg akan terjadi di masa yg akan datang.
Pattern:
(+) S + will/shall + V1 + O
(-) S + will/shall + not + V1 + O
(?) Will/shall + S + V1 + O
Note:
# shall untuk I dan We
# will untk semua subjek
ex:
1. I shall go to Surabaya tomorrow.
2. They will not
buy your house.
3. Will you come to my party next week.






